RWKV Architectures

Last Updated 10 March, 2026

by David Spuler, Ph.D.

Research on RWKV Architectures

Research papers include:

Jean Mercat, Igor Vasiljevic, Sedrick Keh, Kushal Arora, Achal Dave, Adrien Gaidon, Thomas Kollar, 10 May 2024, Linearizing Large Language Models, https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.06640 Code: https://github.com/TRI-ML/linear_open_lm
Yehui Tang, Yunhe Wang, Jianyuan Guo, Zhijun Tu, Kai Han, Hailin Hu, Dacheng Tao, 5 Feb 2024. A Survey on Transformer Compression. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.05964 (Model compression survey paper with focus on pruning, quantization, knowledge distillation, and efficient architecture design.)
Tiancheng Gu, Kaicheng Yang, Xiang An, Ziyong Feng, Dongnan Liu, Weidong Cai, Jiankang Deng, 11 Jun 2024. RWKV-CLIP: A Robust Vision-Language Representation Learner, https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06973 Code: https://github.com/deepglint/RWKV-CLIP
Xinji Mai, Zeng Tao, Junxiong Lin, Haoran Wang, Yang Chang, Yanlan Kang, Yan Wang, Wenqiang Zhang, 27 Jun 2024, From Efficient Multimodal Models to World Models: A Survey, https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00118 (A survey of multimodal models with coverage of many optimization techniques.)
18 Apr 2024 (v2), The Efficiency Spectrum of Large Language Models: An Algorithmic Survey, Tianyu Ding, Tianyi Chen, Haidong Zhu, Jiachen Jiang, Yiqi Zhong, Jinxin Zhou, Guangzhi Wang, Zhihui Zhu, Ilya Zharkov, Luming Liang, https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00678
Joanne Chen, July 23, 2024, What’s Next After Transformers, https://foundationcapital.com/whats-next-after-transformers/
Théodor Lemerle, Harrison Vanderbyl, Vaibhav Srivastav, Nicolas Obin, Axel Roebel, 30 Oct 2024, Lina-Speech: Gated Linear Attention is a Fast and Parameter-Efficient Learner for text-to-speech synthesis, https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23320 https://theodorblackbird.github.io/blog/demo_lina/
Akul Datta, 5 Nov 2024, The Evolution of RWKV: Advancements in Efficient Language Modeling, https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02795
From Transformers to the Future: An In-Depth Exploration of Modern Language Model Architectures H Xu, Z Bi, H Tseng, X Song, P Feng, https://osf.io/n8r5j/download
Wonkyo Choe, Yangfeng Ji, Felix Lin, 14 Dec 2024, RWKV-edge: Deeply Compressed RWKV for Resource-Constrained Devices, https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10856
Haoyang Li, Yiming Li, Anxin Tian, Tianhao Tang, Zhanchao Xu, Xuejia Chen, Nicole Hu, Wei Dong, Qing Li, Lei Chen, 27 Dec 2024, A Survey on Large Language Model Acceleration based on KV Cache Management, https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19442 (Huge survey of all KV cache optimization methods.)
Xiaoran Liu, Ruixiao Li, Mianqiu Huang, Zhigeng Liu, Yuerong Song, Qipeng Guo, Siyang He, Qiqi Wang, Linlin Li, Qun Liu, Yaqian Zhou, Xuanjing Huang, Xipeng Qiu, 24 Feb 2025, Thus Spake Long-Context Large Language Model, https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17129 (Impressive survey of many techniques to improve efficiency and accuracy of long context processing in both inference and training, covering text, video and multimodal models.)
Sicheng Chen, Tianyi Zhang, Dankai Liao, Dandan Li, Low Chang Han, Yanqin Jiang, Yueming Jin, Shangqing Lyu, 5 Mar 2025, PathRWKV: Enabling Whole Slide Prediction with Recurrent-Transformer, https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03199
Liu Xiao, Li Zhiyuan, Lin Yueyu, 27 Apr 2025, WuNeng: Hybrid State with Attention, https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19191
Xiao Wang, Haiyang Wang, Shiao Wang, Qiang Chen, Jiandong Jin, Haoyu Song, Bo Jiang, Chenglong Li, 6 Aug 2025, RGB-Event based Pedestrian Attribute Recognition: A Benchmark Dataset and An Asymmetric RWKV Fusion Framework, https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10018
Jiawei Xu, Chia Xin Liang, Ziqian Bi, Xiaoming Li, Danyang Zhang, Zhenyu Yu, Dec 2025, A Comprehensive Survey on Large Language Models: From Pre-training to Autonomous Agents, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ziqian_Bi/publication/399059225_A_Comprehensive_Survey_on_Large_Language_Models_From_Pre-training_to_Autonomous_Agents/links/694c94a07e61d05b5312836f/A-Comprehensive-Survey-on-Large-Language-Models-From-Pre-training-to-Autonomous-Agents.pdf