Ring Attention

What is Ring Attention?

Ring attention is an LLM optimization of the attention module using blockwise computations. The aim is to speed up the calculations of the self-attention step in either training or inference. Ring attention is a method that can be combined orthogonally with some of the other memory-efficient attention algorithms, such as with Flash attention.

Ring Attention: Book Excerpts and Blog Articles

Free online book excerpts with full text chapters online and free PDF downloads, and the Aussie AI blog, including related articles:

• David Spuler, Ph.D., March 3rd, 2025, What's Hot in LLM Inference Optimization in 2025? Aussie AI Blog, https://www.aussieai.com/blog/hot-inference-optimization-2025
• David Spuler, May 31st, 2026, Chapter 41. Other Attention Kernels, in book LLM Inference Optimization: State-of-the-Art Research, Table of Contents: https://www.aussieai.com/book/llm-inference-optimization https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0H3FKR39T

Research on Ring Attention

Research papers on ring attention include:

• Hao Liu, Matei Zaharia, Pieter Abbeel, 27 Nov 2023 (v4), Ring Attention with Blockwise Transformers for Near-Infinite Context, https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.01889 https://github.com/lhao499/llm_large_context (Original paper for ring attention.)
• William Brandon, Aniruddha Nrusimha, Kevin Qian, Zachary Ankner, Tian Jin, Zhiye Song, Jonathan Ragan-Kelley, 15 Nov 2023, Striped Attention: Faster Ring Attention for Causal Transformers, https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09431
• Amy Yang, Jingyi Yang, Aya Ibrahim, Xinfeng Xie, Bangsheng Tang, Grigory Sizov, Jongsoo Park, Jianyu Huang, 4 Nov 2024, Context Parallelism for Scalable Million-Token Inference, https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.01783
• Zongwu Wang, Fangxin Liu, Mingshuai Li, Li Jiang, 29 Dec 2024, TokenRing: An Efficient Parallelism Framework for Infinite-Context LLMs via Bidirectional Communication, https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.20501 https://github.com/ACA-Lab-SJTU/token-ring (Ring attention with inter-GPU network transmission optimizations.)
• Seongho Hong, Yong-Hoon Choi, 2 Jan 2025, RingFormer: A Neural Vocoder with Ring Attention and Convolution-Augmented Transformer, https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01182
• zhuzilin, Jan 2025, ring-flash-attention: Ring attention implementation with flash attention, https://github.com/zhuzilin/ring-flash-attention
• Kilian Haefeli, Simon Zirui Guo, Bonnie Li, 10 Apr 2024 Ring Attention Explained, https://coconut-mode.com/posts/ring-attention/
• Tanuj Sharma, Feb 23, 2024, Breaking the Boundaries: Understanding Context Window Limitations and the idea of Ring Attention, https://medium.com/@iamtanujsharma/breaking-the-boundaries-understanding-context-window-limitations-and-the-idea-of-ring-attention-170e522d44b2
• Nivas Jayaseelan, November 1, 2023, Understanding Ring Attention: Building Transformers With Near-Infinite Context, https://www.e2enetworks.com/blog/understanding-ring-attention-building-transformers-with-near-infinite-context
• Peter Chng, August 19, 2024, Ring Attention - scaling attention across multiple devices, https://peterchng.com/blog/2024/08/19/ring-attention-scaling-attention-across-multiple-devices/
• Nouamane Tazi, Ferdinand Mom, Haojun Zhao, Phuc Nguyen, Mohamed Mekkouri, Leandro Werra, Thomas Wolf, Feb 19, 2025, The Ultra-Scale Playbook: Training LLMs on GPU Clusters, Hugging Face, https://huggingface.co/spaces/nanotron/ultrascale-playbook https://huggingface.co/spaces/nanotron/ultrascale-playbook/resolve/main/The_Ultra-Scale_Playbook_Training_LLMs_on_GPU_Clusters.pdf
• Stephen Diehl, 2025, Attention Wasn't All We Needed, https://www.stephendiehl.com/posts/post_transformers/
• James Pan, Guoliang Li, 27 Jun 2025, A Survey of LLM Inference Systems, https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21901
• Rajarshi Chowdhury, March 2026, I/O for LLM Inference: A Survey of Storage and Memory Bottlenecks, https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9036613/v1_covered_6447e1e8-b399-4716-af42-991e77ccd91b.pdf
• David Spuler, Ph.D., March 3rd, 2025, What's Hot in LLM Inference Optimization in 2025? Aussie AI Blog, https://www.aussieai.com/blog/hot-inference-optimization-2025
• David Spuler, May 31st, 2026, Chapter 41. Other Attention Kernels, in book LLM Inference Optimization: State-of-the-Art Research, Table of Contents: https://www.aussieai.com/book/llm-inference-optimization https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0H3FKR39T

More Attention Research Topics

Related LLM research areas for long context optimization of the attention methods include:

• Attention optimization (main page)
• Local attention
• Linear attention
• Sparse attention
• Multi-Head Attention (MHA)
• Muti-Query Attention (MQA)
• Group-Query Attention (GQA)
• Flash attention
• Paged attention

Other topics in attention research:

• Low-rank matrix attention
• Medusa attention
• Block attention
• Cross attention
• Fused head attention
• Hybrid local-global attention
• FFT attention
• QKV computation optimizations
• Additive attention
• Multiplicative attention
• Graph attention
• Chunked attention
• Attention sink
• Attention steering
• Bilinear attention
• Attention-free methods
• Mixture-of-Heads (MOH) Attention (MoE+MHA)

More AI Research

Read more about:

• Inference Optimizations
• Loop Optimizations
• Code Optimizations
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