Aussie AI
Deep Research Models
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Last Updated 29 August, 2025
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by David Spuler, Ph.D.
What are Deep Research Models?
Deep research models are advanced LLMs that can complete complex research projects. Typically, they will search for information on a topic, and then perform a reasoning function on the information. Advanced models may use multiple steps of information search and reasoning to refine their answer.
There are several commercial models available that can perform deep research tasks, including:
- Google Gemini
- OpenAI Deep Research
There are several main architectural components that are key to a deep research model:
- Web search plugin ("web agent") or other information source
- Large Reasoning Model
- Multi-step reasoning algorithm (e.g. Chain-of-Thought)
There is also an overarching algorithm that controls the whole plan. This may be LLM-based planning or could be other non-LLM heuristics (or some combination of both).
Deep research models are not cheap to run, because they have to process lots of information, and perform multiple reasoning steps. There is also the cost of information access, such as an internet search, although this would typically be less than LLM inference costs. There are various ways to improve LLM reasoning costs by reducing the number of tokens produced and processed by each reasoning step.
Research on Deep Research Models
Research papers include:
- HuggingFace, February 3, 2025, OpenAI's Deep Research vs DeepSeek R1, https://huggingface.co/blog/LLMhacker/openais-deep-research-vs-deepseek-r1
- Timothy B. Lee, Feb 24, 2025, These experts were stunned by OpenAI Deep Research: "I would use this model professionally," an antitrust lawyer told me, https://www.understandingai.org/p/these-experts-were-stunned-by-openai
- Ravi Teja,: December 24, 2024, Google Gemini’s Deep Research: What is it and How to Use it? https://techwiser.com/google-geminis-deep-research-what-is-it-and-how-to-use-it/
- Dave Citron, Dec 11, 2024, Try Deep Research and our new experimental model in Gemini, your AI assistant: Deep Research rolls out to Gemini Advanced subscribers today, saving you hours of time. Plus, you can now try out a chat optimized version of 2.0 Flash Experimental in Gemini on the web, Google Blog, https://blog.google/products/gemini/google-gemini-deep-research/
- Sundar Pichai, Demis Hassabis, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Dec 11, 2024, Introducing Gemini 2.0: our new AI model for the agentic era, Google Blog, https://blog.google/technology/google-deepmind/google-gemini-ai-update-december-2024/
- Emma Roth, Dec 12, 2024, Google built an AI tool that can do research for you: With Deep Research, you can ask Gemini to scour the web on your behalf and write up a report based on its findings, https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/11/24318217/google-gemini-advanced-deep-research-launch
- Asif Razzaq, March 8, 2025, Meet Manus: A New AI Agent from China with Deep Research + Operator + Computer Use + Lovable + Memory, https://www.marktechpost.com/2025/03/08/meet-manus-a-new-ai-agent-from-china-with-deep-research-operator-computer-use-lovable-memory/
- Jordan Gibbs, Feb 17, 2025, 4 Lifechanging ChatGPT Features You May Not Know About (Feb. 2025): ChatGPT has been releasing a ton of powerful features recently… Are you caught up? https://medium.com/@jordan_gibbs/4-lifechanging-chatgpt-features-you-may-not-know-about-feb-2025-01eaeb4e68c1
- Jim the AI Whisperer, Mar 10, 2025, My “Prompt Grafting” technique outperforms Deep Research in head-to-head test — and is 5900% faster: My prompt gets more insightful, comprehensive research from AI, https://generativeai.pub/prompt-grafting-vs-deep-research-faster-better-ai-essays-824968b1a47a
- Maxwell Zeff, August 1, 2025, Google rolls out Gemini Deep Think AI, a reasoning model that tests multiple ideas in parallel, https://techcrunch.com/2025/08/01/google-rolls-out-gemini-deep-think-ai-a-reasoning-model-that-tests-multiple-ideas-in-parallel/
- Ryan Daws, July 17, 2025, Mistral AI gives Le Chat voice recognition and deep research tools, https://www.artificialintelligence-news.com/news/mistral-ai-le-chat-voice-recognition-deep-research-tools/
- Torsten Walbaum, Aug 13, 2025, How to use Deep Research for GTM: You could save 10+ hours per week with this underused AI function, https://www.growthunhinged.com/p/deep-research-for-gtm
- Doaa Allabadi, Kyle Bradbury, and Jordan M. Malof, 13 Aug 2025, Improving and Evaluating Open Deep Research Agents, https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10152
- Tianqing Fang, Zhisong Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Rui Wang, Can Qin, Yuxuan Wan, Jun-Yu Ma, Ce Zhang, Jiaqi Chen, Xiyun Li, Hongming Zhang, Haitao Mi, Dong Yu, 1 Aug 2025, Cognitive Kernel-Pro: A Framework for Deep Research Agents and Agent Foundation Models Training, https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00414
- Yong Deng, Guoqing Wang, Zhenzhe Ying, Xiaofeng Wu, Jinzhen Lin, Wenwen Xiong, Yuqin Dai, Shuo Yang, Zhanwei Zhang, Qiwen Wang, Yang Qin, Changhua Meng, 18 Aug 2025, Atom-Searcher: Enhancing Agentic Deep Research via Fine-Grained Atomic Thought Reward, https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12800
- Minghao Li, Ying Zeng, Zhihao Cheng, Cong Ma, Kai Jia, 14 Aug 2025, ReportBench: Evaluating Deep Research Agents via Academic Survey Tasks, https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15804
- Tianze Xu, Pengrui Lu, Lyumanshan Ye, Xiangkun Hu, Pengfei Liu, 22 Jul 2025, ResearcherBench: Evaluating Deep AI Research Systems on the Frontiers of Scientific Inquiry, https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16280
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